Rabies
Rabies is a fatal acute viral infection of the nervous system. It is common in all mammals throughout the world. Here in the US the concern it is mostly with wild animals, however it occurs in domestic animals as well. Outside of the US rabies is common among all animals. Tens of millions of people are exposed annually and tens of thousands of deaths occur annually. Despite these staggering statics most travelers decide against vaccination of this illness which is not quickly treated appropriately results in death.
Rabies is spread by salvia through a bite of an animal or scratch. It then begins attacking the nervous system from the peripheral nervous system near the bite and then travels to the brain and spinal cord then back out to the rest of the body into the salivary glands allowing for reinfection of other animals. Though can occur in any mammal the major cases are seen in carnivores and bats. Dogs are main reservoirs in developing countries. Any where in the world a bat bite is a major concern.
The best way to prevent rabies is avoiding contact with any animal as a bite or scratch from them could transmit the virus. A series of 3 vaccines prior to travel provides protection this should be done at a minimum of 5-6 weeks before travel as the 3 vaccines are to be given on specific dates 2 weeks before travel over a 3-4 week time frame. If someone has not been vaccinated and receives a bite or scratch while traveling outside the US its necessary to thoroughly clean the wound with large amounts of soap and water or provide iodine. This reduces the risk of rabies infection. After cleaning travelers need to get to post exposure vaccine within 24 hours. This includes injections of rabies antibodies(immunoglobulin) and the vaccine series over 14 days. In many areas of the world there are limited,
if any rabies vaccines and may not be reachable within 24 hours even with evacuation insurance/coverage there may not be physical means to get the vaccine. Its also important to consider using limited supplies in a country with a great risk of rabies among the local population.
Before you travel contact us to discuss your risks and options in regards to rabies and many other safety and health concerns while traveling.
